Surveying instruments of Greece and Rome /
The Greeks and, especially, the Romans are famous for the heroic engineering of their aqueducts, tunnels and roads. They also measured the circumference of the earth and the heights of mountains with fair precision. This book presents new translations (from Greek, Latin, Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac) o...
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| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press,
2001.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | CONNECT |
Table of Contents:
- Instruments and Methods
- Precursors of the Greeks
- Measuring distances
- Orientation and right angles
- Measuring heights
- Levelling
- Background to the dioptra
- The sighting tube
- Astronomical instruments
- The Hipparchan dioptra
- The measuring rod
- Gamaliel's tube
- Philo's level and staff
- The dioptra
- The treatises
- The sources of the treatises
- The minor sources
- The plane astrolabe
- The standard dioptra
- Hero's dioptra
- Levelling
- Other surveys
- Chronological conclusions
- Testing a reconstructed dioptra
- The libra
- The evidence
- Testing a reconstructed libra
- The groma
- Grids
- The groma and its use
- The hodometer
- Practical Applications
- Measurement of the earth
- Mountain heights
- Canals and aqueducts
- Early canal schemes
- Aqueduct surveying
- The Nimes aqueduct and others
- The challenges of surveying
- Tunnels
- Categories
- Alignment
- Level
- Meeting
- Instruments
- Roman roads
- Interpolation and extrapolation
- Successive approximation
- Dead reckoning
- Geometrical construction
- The Sources
- The treatises
- Hero of Alexandria: Dioptra
- Julius Africanus: Cesti 1 15
- Anonymus Byzantinus: Geodesy
- Al-Karaji: The Search for Hidden Waters XXIII
- The basic elements (Chapter 1)
- Background to the dioptra (Chapter 2)
- The dioptra (Chapter 3)
- The libra (Chapter 4)
- The groma (Chapter 5)
- The hodometer (Chapter 6)
- Measurement of the earth (Chapter 7)
- Mountain heights (Chapter 8).
