United States Sentencing Commission
The United States Sentencing Commission is an independent agency of the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for articulating the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for the federal courts. The Commission promulgates the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, which replaced the prior system of indeterminate sentencing that allowed trial judges to give sentences ranging from probation to the maximum statutory punishment for the offense. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.The commission was created by the Sentencing Reform Act provisions of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. The constitutionality of the commission was challenged as a congressional encroachment on the power of the executive but upheld by the Supreme Court in ''Mistretta v. United States'', .
The U.S. Sentencing Commission was established by Congress as a permanent, independent agency within the judicial branch. The seven members of the Commission are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, for a term of six years. The Judicial Conference offers names of potential nominees to the President for nomination. Commission members may be reappointed to one additional term, also with the advice and consent of the Senate. Some Commission members have been appointed to finish out the term of prior members instead of starting their own 6-year term, and therefore, not all Commission members have served six years or more. Three of the members must be federal judges, and no more than four may belong to the same political party. The Attorney General or his designee and the chair of the United States Parole Commission sit as ''ex officio'', non-voting members of the Commission. The Commission requires a quorum of at least four voting members in order to promulgate amendments to the Sentencing Guidelines.
The Commission lacked full membership from 2014 to 2022. On August 4, 2022, the Senate confirmed President Biden's seven nominees to the Commission; all the confirmed members were sworn in the next day. Provided by Wikipedia
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Supplementary report on the initial Sentencing guidelines and policy statements.
Published 1987“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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2007 sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics /
Published 2008“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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2007 annual report /
Published 2008“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Report to the Congress increased penalties for campaign finance offenses and legislative recommendations : (as required by section 314 of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002...
Published 2003“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Guide Lines
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Computation of "recency" criminal history points under USSG [section] 4A1.1(e) /
Published 2010“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Life sentences in the federal system /
Published 2015“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Report to the Congress : impact of the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 /
Published 2015“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Report to the Congress : career offender sentencing enhancements.
Published 2016“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Mandatory minimum penalties for drug offenses in the federal criminal justice system.
Published 2017“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Recidivism among federal violent offenders /
Published 2019“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Intra-city differences in federal sentencing practices : federal district judges in 30 cities, 2005-2017.
Published 2019“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Application and impact of 21 U.S.C. ʹ 851 : enhanced penalties for federal drug trafficking offenders.
Published 2018“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Inter-district differences in federal sentencing practices : sentencing practices across districts from 2005-2017.
Published 2020“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Inter-district differences in federal sentencing practices : sentencing practices across districts from 2005-2017.
Published 2020“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Mandatory minimum penalties for drug offenses in the federal criminal justice system.
Published 2017“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Special report to the Congress : mandatory minimum penalties in the federal criminal justice system /
Published 1991“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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The federal sentencing guidelines : a report on the operation of the guidelines system and short-term impacts on disparity in sentencing, use of incarceration, and prosecutorial di...
Published 1991“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Hearing on crack cocaine : Tuesday, November 9, 1993, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, room C-415, One Columbia Circle, N.E., Washington, D.C.
Published 1993“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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Most frequently asked questions, about the sentencing guidelines.
Published 1994“…United States Sentencing Commission…”
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