Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, planter, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Following the American Revolutionary War and before becoming president in 1801, Jefferson was the nation's first U.S. secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams. Jefferson was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at the state, national, and international levels.Jefferson was born into the Colony of Virginia's planter class, dependent on slave labor. During the American Revolution, Jefferson represented Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and served as the second governor of revolutionary Virginia from 1779 to 1781. In 1785, Congress appointed Jefferson U.S. minister to France, where he served from 1785 to 1789. President Washington then appointed Jefferson the nation's first secretary of state, where he served from 1790 to 1793. During this time, in the early 1790s, Jefferson and political ally James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the nation's First Party System. Jefferson and Federalist John Adams became both personal friends and political rivals. In the 1796 U.S. presidential election between the two, Jefferson came in second, which made him Adams' vice president under the electoral laws of the time. Four years later, in the 1800 presidential election, Jefferson again challenged Adams, and won the presidency. In 1804, Jefferson was reelected overwhelmingly to a second term.
As president, Jefferson assertively defended the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies, promoted a western expansionist policy with the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation's geographic size, and was able to reduce military forces and expenditures following successful negotiations with France. In his second presidential term, Jefferson was beset by difficulties at home, including the trial of his former vice president Aaron Burr. In 1807, Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act to defend the nation's industries from British threats to U.S. shipping, limiting foreign trade and stimulating the birth of the American manufacturing industry.
Jefferson is ranked by both scholars and in public opinion among the upper tier of American presidents. Presidential scholars and historians praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance, his peaceful acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France, and his leadership in supporting the Lewis and Clark Expedition; acknowledging the fact of his lifelong ownership of large numbers of slaves, they give differing interpretations of his views on and relationship with slavery. Provided by Wikipedia
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Thomas Jefferson and the national capital : containing notes and correspondence exchanged between Jefferson, Washington, L'Enfant, Ellicott, Hallet, Thornton, Latrobe, the commissi... by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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Thomas Jefferson on constitutional issues : selected writings, 1787-1825 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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Jefferson's legal commonplace book / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The papers of Thomas Jefferson. by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The papers of Thomas Jefferson : 1 June 1820 to 28 February 1821. by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The proceedings of the government of the United States in maintaining the public right to the beach of the Mississippi, adjacent to New-Orleans, against the intrusion of Edward Liv... by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The papers of Thomas Jefferson. 1 December 1821 to 15 September 1822 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 24 : 1 June-31 December 1792 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, Volume 13 22 April 1818 to 31 January 1819 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 4 : October 1780 to February 1781 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 32 : 1 June 1800 to 16 February 1801 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, Volume 11 : 19 January to 31 August 1817 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 31 : 1 February 1799 to 31 May 1800 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 3 12 August 1810 to 17 June 1811 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 5 : 1 May 1812 to 10 March 1813 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 25 : 1 January-10 May 1793 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 8 : February 1785 to October 1785 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 1 4 March 1809 to 15 November 1809 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 36 : 1 December 1801 to 3 March 1802 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 35 : 1 August to 30 November 1801 / by Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826
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